Files
privatae-bastion/client-go/ops_skill_bounds_test.go
Privatae 01889e2a48
ci / personal-data (push) Successful in 4s
ci / test (push) Successful in 4m5s
ci / fuzz (push) Successful in 4m10s
bastion 0.58.0
2026-10-29 15:54:51 +00:00

507 lines
21 KiB
Go

//go:build !windows
package main
// ops_skill_bounds_test.go — a grant held to a window and a rate on the
// machine (ops_bounds.go): "not now" is no strike and spends nothing, the run
// log holds across a restart and refuses being edited, a grant dies with the
// key that approved it, and a drop goes through a quarantine. And the op with
// no program (interpreter: none): no run file, no sandbox needed, while a
// program op still needs one.
import (
"encoding/base64"
"encoding/json"
"fmt"
"os"
"path/filepath"
"strings"
"testing"
"time"
)
func userFixture() []opFile {
files := opFixture("/srv/optest", "")
files[0].B64 = base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString([]byte(strings.Replace(fmt.Sprintf(opTestManifest, "/srv/optest"),
"privilege: root", "privilege: user", 1)))
return files
}
// grantBox installs a user grant with these bounds under a console approval,
// and stands in for the sandbox: each run under it is counted, never run.
func grantBox(t *testing.T, bounds string, uses int, approve func(dcn, purpose string) string) (dcn, nonce string, ran *int) {
t.Helper()
dcn, priv := opTestBox(t)
files := userFixture()
sha, _ := opDirDigest(files)
gt := opTerm(opKindGrant, sha, "", bounds, uses, time.Hour, "user")
purpose, err := purposeForOpGrant(&opTerms{Server: gt["server"].(string), Op: "write-hello", SHA256: sha,
Bounds: bounds, Expires: gt["expires"].(string), Uses: uses})
if err != nil {
t.Fatal(err)
}
if approve == nil {
approve = grantConsoleApproval(t)
}
gt["approval"] = approve(dcn, purpose)
if _, errOut, code := driveJob(t, tAnchor, mgmtJob{Op: "op_sync", Args: append(signTermsPair(t, priv, gt), bundleB64(files))}, "", dcn); code != 0 {
t.Fatalf("the grant installs: %d %s", code, errOut)
}
n := 0
prev := opGrantExec
opGrantExec = func(_ string, tm *opTerms, mode, _, _ string, _ []string) (*opReport, *opRunRecord, error) {
n++
id, _ := newID()
return &opReport{Mode: mode, Changes: []opChange{}}, &opRunRecord{ID: id, Op: tm.Op, SHA256: tm.SHA256, Mode: mode}, nil
}
t.Cleanup(func() { opGrantExec = prev })
return dcn, gt["nonce"].(string), &n
}
func grantConsoleApproval(t *testing.T) func(dcn, purpose string) string {
return func(dcn, purpose string) string {
t.Helper()
enrollFactor(t, dcn)
raw, _ := b32decode(tSecret)
a, err := stepupIssueApproval(dcn, hotp(raw, time.Now().Unix()/stepupPeriod), purpose)
if err != nil {
t.Fatal(err)
}
return a
}
}
func atClock(t *testing.T, at *time.Time) {
prev := opNow
opNow = func() time.Time { return *at }
t.Cleanup(func() { opNow = prev })
}
const grantParams = `{"name":"x","count":1,"kind":"a"}`
func grantApply(t *testing.T, dcn, nonce string) (string, string, int) {
t.Helper()
return driveJob(t, tAnchor, mgmtJob{Op: "op_grant_run", Args: []string{nonce, opModeApply, grantParams}}, "", dcn)
}
func strikes() int { return len(quarantineLoad().Pairing[tAnchor].refusalsNow()) }
func usesLeft(t *testing.T, dcn, nonce string) int {
t.Helper()
rec, ok := opsLoad(dcn).Grants[nonce]
if !ok {
t.Fatal("no record")
}
return rec.UsesLeft
}
// ── the grammar ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
func TestGrantRunBoundsGrammar(t *testing.T) {
setupBox(t)
m, _ := parseOpManifest([]byte(fmt.Sprintf(opTestManifest, "/srv/optest")))
for _, ok := range []string{
`{"_window":{"from":"02:00","to":"04:00"}}`,
`{"_window":{"days":["mon","fri"],"from":"22:00","to":"06:00","tz":"Europe/Berlin"},"count":{"max":2}}`,
`{"_rate":{"per_day":3,"min_interval_s":600}}`,
`{"_rate":{"per_day":1}}`,
`{"_window":null,"_rate":null}`,
} {
if _, err := parseGrantBounds(m, ok); err != nil {
t.Errorf("%s parses: %v", ok, err)
}
}
for name, bad := range map[string]string{
"an unknown run bound": `{"_when":{"from":"02:00","to":"04:00"}}`,
"a day that is not one": `{"_window":{"days":["mon","funday"],"from":"02:00","to":"04:00"}}`,
"a day named twice": `{"_window":{"days":["mon","mon"],"from":"02:00","to":"04:00"}}`,
"no days at all": `{"_window":{"days":[],"from":"02:00","to":"04:00"}}`,
"a window of no length": `{"_window":{"from":"02:00","to":"02:00"}}`,
"a clock past 23:59": `{"_window":{"from":"24:00","to":"02:00"}}`,
"a zone nobody has": `{"_window":{"from":"02:00","to":"04:00","tz":"Mars/Olympus"}}`,
"the machine's local zone": `{"_window":{"from":"02:00","to":"04:00","tz":"Local"}}`,
"a field the window lacks": `{"_window":{"from":"02:00","to":"04:00","every":"day"}}`,
"a rate that bounds none": `{"_rate":{}}`,
"zero a day": `{"_rate":{"per_day":0}}`,
"more a day than uses": `{"_rate":{"per_day":1001}}`,
"an interval past 30 days": `{"_rate":{"min_interval_s":2592001}}`,
"a field the rate lacks": `{"_rate":{"per_hour":3}}`,
"a rate as a string": `{"_rate":"3/day"}`,
} {
if _, err := parseGrantBounds(m, bad); err == nil {
t.Errorf("%s must be refused: %s", name, bad)
}
}
// A window that wraps midnight belongs to the day it opens on.
b, _ := parseGrantBounds(m, `{"_window":{"days":["fri"],"from":"22:00","to":"06:00","tz":"UTC"}}`)
for at, want := range map[string]bool{
"2026-10-30T23:00:00Z": true, // Friday night
"2026-10-31T03:00:00Z": true, // Saturday morning, the Friday window
"2026-10-30T03:00:00Z": false, // Friday morning: Thursday's window, not listed
"2026-10-31T07:00:00Z": false,
} {
ts, _ := time.Parse(time.RFC3339, at)
if got := b.Window.inside(ts); got != want {
t.Errorf("%s inside=%v, want %v", at, got, want)
}
}
}
// ── not now: the window ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────
func TestGrantOutsideItsWindowIsNotNowAndSpendsNothing(t *testing.T) {
// Thursday noon UTC; the window is Monday 02:00-04:00 in Berlin.
now, _ := time.Parse(time.RFC3339, "2026-10-29T12:00:00Z")
atClock(t, &now)
dcn, nonce, ran := grantBox(t, `{"_window":{"days":["mon"],"from":"02:00","to":"04:00","tz":"Europe/Berlin"}}`, 5, nil)
before := strikes()
out, errOut, code := grantApply(t, dcn, nonce)
if code != opNotNowExit || !strings.Contains(out, `"state":"not_now"`) || !strings.Contains(out, `"bound":"_window"`) {
t.Fatalf("outside the window: not now: %d %s %s", code, out, errOut)
}
// Berlin is UTC+1 after 25 October: Monday 02:00 there is 01:00 UTC.
if !strings.Contains(out, `"next":"2026-11-02T01:00:00Z"`) {
t.Fatalf("it says when the window opens: %s", out)
}
if *ran != 0 || usesLeft(t, dcn, nonce) != 5 || strikes() != before {
t.Fatalf("nothing ran, no use spent, no strike: ran=%d uses=%d strikes %d->%d", *ran, usesLeft(t, dcn, nonce), before, strikes())
}
// A dry run changes nothing and is never held to the window.
if _, errOut, code := driveJob(t, tAnchor, mgmtJob{Op: "op_grant_run", Args: []string{nonce, opModeDryRun, grantParams}}, "", dcn); code != 0 {
t.Fatalf("a dry run outside the window: %d %s", code, errOut)
}
// Bad params outside the window are still refused, with the strike.
if _, _, code := driveJob(t, tAnchor, mgmtJob{Op: "op_grant_run", Args: []string{nonce, opModeApply, `{"name":"x","count":9,"kind":"a"}`}}, "", dcn); code != 126 {
t.Fatalf("arguments outside the op are refused, window or not: %d", code)
}
now, _ = time.Parse(time.RFC3339, "2026-11-02T01:30:00Z")
if _, errOut, code := grantApply(t, dcn, nonce); code != 0 || *ran != 2 || usesLeft(t, dcn, nonce) != 4 {
t.Fatalf("inside the window it runs and spends one use: %d %s ran=%d uses=%d", code, errOut, *ran, usesLeft(t, dcn, nonce))
}
}
// ── not now: the rate ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────
func TestGrantInsideItsMinIntervalDoesNotRun(t *testing.T) {
now := time.Now().UTC().Truncate(time.Second)
atClock(t, &now)
dcn, nonce, ran := grantBox(t, `{"_rate":{"min_interval_s":600}}`, 5, nil)
if _, errOut, code := grantApply(t, dcn, nonce); code != 0 {
t.Fatalf("the first run: %d %s", code, errOut)
}
before := strikes()
first := now
now = now.Add(5 * time.Minute)
out, _, code := grantApply(t, dcn, nonce)
if code != opNotNowExit || !strings.Contains(out, `"bound":"_rate"`) ||
!strings.Contains(out, `"next":"`+first.Add(10*time.Minute).Format(time.RFC3339)+`"`) {
t.Fatalf("five minutes after a run, with ten approved between: not now: %d %s", code, out)
}
if *ran != 1 || usesLeft(t, dcn, nonce) != 4 || strikes() != before {
t.Fatalf("the second did not run, spend or strike: ran=%d uses=%d", *ran, usesLeft(t, dcn, nonce))
}
now = first.Add(11 * time.Minute)
if _, _, code := grantApply(t, dcn, nonce); code != 0 || *ran != 2 {
t.Fatalf("past the interval it runs: %d", code)
}
}
func TestGrantPerDayHoldsAcrossARestart(t *testing.T) {
now := time.Now().UTC().Truncate(time.Second)
atClock(t, &now)
dcn, nonce, ran := grantBox(t, `{"_rate":{"per_day":2}}`, 10, nil)
start := now
for i := 0; i < 2; i++ {
if _, errOut, code := grantApply(t, dcn, nonce); code != 0 {
t.Fatalf("run %d: %d %s", i, code, errOut)
}
now = now.Add(time.Hour)
}
// The run log is on disk, in the record, not in this process.
raw, err := os.ReadFile(opsFilePath(dcn))
if err != nil {
t.Fatal(err)
}
var f opsFile
if json.Unmarshal(raw, &f) != nil || len(f.Grants[nonce].Runs) != 2 {
t.Fatalf("both runs are in ops.json: %s", raw)
}
// A restart: another process reads the same record. Copy the pairing's
// state to a fresh place and ask there.
moved := t.TempDir()
if err := copyTree(dcn, moved); err != nil {
t.Fatal(err)
}
out, _, code := grantApply(t, moved, nonce)
if code != opNotNowExit || !strings.Contains(out, "2 run(s) in the last 24 hours") {
t.Fatalf("the third run in a day, after a restart: not now: %d %s", code, out)
}
if *ran != 2 {
t.Fatalf("it did not run: %d", *ran)
}
// 24 hours after the first, one slot is free again.
now = start.Add(24*time.Hour + time.Second)
if _, errOut, code := grantApply(t, moved, nonce); code != 0 {
t.Fatalf("a day after the first run: %d %s", code, errOut)
}
}
func copyTree(from, to string) error {
return filepath.Walk(from, func(p string, info os.FileInfo, err error) error {
if err != nil {
return err
}
rel, _ := filepath.Rel(from, p)
dst := filepath.Join(to, rel)
if info.IsDir() {
return os.MkdirAll(dst, 0o755)
}
raw, err := os.ReadFile(p)
if err != nil {
return err
}
return os.WriteFile(dst, raw, info.Mode().Perm())
})
}
// ── the record ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
func TestGrantWithATamperedRunLogIsNoGrant(t *testing.T) {
now := time.Now().UTC().Truncate(time.Second)
atClock(t, &now)
for name, edit := range map[string]func(r *opGrantRec){
"the run taken out and the use given back": func(r *opGrantRec) { r.Runs = nil; r.UsesLeft++ },
"the run taken out": func(r *opGrantRec) { r.Runs = nil },
"a use given back": func(r *opGrantRec) { r.UsesLeft++ },
"the run moved a day back": func(r *opGrantRec) { r.Runs[0] = now.Add(-25 * time.Hour).Format(time.RFC3339Nano) },
"another approver": func(r *opGrantRec) { r.Approver = "console:0000" },
"no seal (an older bastion's record)": func(r *opGrantRec) { r.MAC = "" },
} {
t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
dcn, nonce, ran := grantBox(t, `{"_rate":{"per_day":1}}`, 5, nil)
if _, errOut, code := grantApply(t, dcn, nonce); code != 0 {
t.Fatalf("the first run: %d %s", code, errOut)
}
f := opsLoad(dcn)
r := f.Grants[nonce]
edit(&r)
f.Grants[nonce] = r
if err := opsSave(dcn, f); err != nil {
t.Fatal(err)
}
_, errOut, code := grantApply(t, dcn, nonce)
if code != 126 || (!strings.Contains(errOut, "does not check out") && !strings.Contains(errOut, "approve it again")) {
t.Fatalf("an edited record holds no grant: %d %q", code, errOut)
}
if *ran != 1 {
t.Fatalf("nothing ran under it: %d", *ran)
}
})
}
}
func TestGrantDiesWithTheKeyThatApprovedIt(t *testing.T) {
var pub string
byDevice := func(_, purpose string) string {
var err error
if pub, err = deviceInit(); err != nil {
t.Fatal(err)
}
if err := pinDeviceKey(pub); err != nil {
t.Fatal(err)
}
a, err := deviceSign(purpose, time.Minute)
if err != nil {
t.Fatal(err)
}
return a
}
dcn, nonce, ran := grantBox(t, `{"count":{"max":2}}`, 5, byDevice)
if rec := opsLoad(dcn).Grants[nonce]; rec.Approver != "device:"+pub {
t.Fatalf("the approving key is kept with the grant: %q", rec.Approver)
}
// The grant as the pairing holds it, in the pairing's own state folder
// (unpinning walks every pairing's).
cfgs, err := loadPairings()
if err != nil {
t.Fatal(err)
}
home := pairingFor(cfgs, tAnchor).dcnDir()
if err := copyTree(dcn, home); err != nil {
t.Fatal(err)
}
dcn = home
if _, errOut, code := grantApply(t, dcn, nonce); code != 0 {
t.Fatalf("a run under it: %d %s", code, errOut)
}
if err := unpinDeviceKey(pub); err != nil {
t.Fatal(err)
}
if _, errOut, code := grantApply(t, dcn, nonce); code != 126 || !strings.Contains(errOut, "no longer pinned") {
t.Fatalf("its key unpinned, the grant is dead: %d %q", code, errOut)
}
// Unpinning drops what the key approved, so pinning it again does not
// bring the grant back.
if n := opsDropApprovedBy("device:" + pub); n != 1 {
t.Fatalf("one grant dropped with its key: %d", n)
}
if err := pinDeviceKey(pub); err != nil {
t.Fatal(err)
}
if _, errOut, code := grantApply(t, dcn, nonce); code != 126 || !strings.Contains(errOut, "no such op grant") {
t.Fatalf("pinned again, the grant stays dropped: %d %q", code, errOut)
}
if *ran != 1 {
t.Fatalf("one run only: %d", *ran)
}
// A console approval dies with the factor: re-enrolled is another one.
dcn2, nonce2, _ := grantBox(t, `{"count":{"max":2}}`, 5, nil)
if err := stepupSave(dcn2, &stepupFile{SecretB32: tSecret, EnrolledAt: "2026-10-29T00:00:00Z", LastCounter: -1}); err != nil {
t.Fatal(err)
}
if _, errOut, code := grantApply(t, dcn2, nonce2); code != 126 || !strings.Contains(errOut, "no longer pinned") {
t.Fatalf("its factor re-enrolled, the grant is dead: %d %q", code, errOut)
}
}
// ── taking it back ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
func TestGrantDropGoesThroughAQuarantine(t *testing.T) {
if !opTightens("op_grant_drop") || !ownApproval("op_grant_drop") {
t.Fatal("op_grant_drop is a tighten: no approval, no quarantine")
}
dcn, nonce, _ := grantBox(t, `{"count":{"max":2}}`, 5, nil)
now := time.Now()
for i := 0; i < quarantineStrikes; i++ {
noteRefusal(tAnchor, "op_apply", "test strike", true, now)
}
if quarantinedUntil(tAnchor, time.Now()).IsZero() {
t.Fatal("the host is quarantined here")
}
if _, errOut, code := grantApply(t, dcn, nonce); code != 126 || !strings.Contains(errOut, "quarantined") {
t.Fatalf("a run while quarantined is refused: %d %q", code, errOut)
}
out, errOut, code := driveJob(t, tAnchor, mgmtJob{Op: "op_grant_drop", Args: []string{nonce}}, "", dcn)
if code != 0 || !strings.Contains(out, nonce) {
t.Fatalf("a drop while quarantined goes through: %d %s %s", code, out, errOut)
}
if _, _, err := opsHeldGrant(dcn, nonce); err == nil {
t.Fatal("the grant is gone")
}
// A drop of what is not held is already done; all takes every one.
if out, _, code := driveJob(t, tAnchor, mgmtJob{Op: "op_grant_drop", Args: []string{nonce}}, "", dcn); code != 0 || !strings.Contains(out, `"dropped":[]`) {
t.Fatalf("dropping it again: %d %s", code, out)
}
dcn2, nonce2, _ := grantBox(t, `{"count":{"max":2}}`, 5, nil)
for i := 0; i < quarantineStrikes; i++ {
noteRefusal(tAnchor, "op_apply", "test strike", true, time.Now())
}
if out, _, code := driveJob(t, tAnchor, mgmtJob{Op: "op_grant_drop", Args: []string{"all"}}, "", dcn2); code != 0 || !strings.Contains(out, nonce2) {
t.Fatalf("drop all: %d %s", code, out)
}
}
// ── interpreter: none ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────
const verbsOnlyManifest = `name: restart-web
version: 1.0.0
summary: Restart the web service.
kind: action
target: machine
privilege: root
interpreter: none
time_limit: 120
verbs:
- {verb: unit.restart, unit: web.service}
- {verb: logs.check, unit: web.service, must_not: "emerg", lines: "200"}
modes: [dry_run, apply, verify]
undo: none
`
func verbsOnlyFiles(withRun bool) []opFile {
files := []opFile{{Path: "op.yaml", Mode: 0o644, B64: base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString([]byte(verbsOnlyManifest))}}
if withRun {
files = append(files, opFile{Path: "run", Mode: 0o755, B64: base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString([]byte("#!/bin/sh\nid\n"))})
}
return files
}
func TestVerbsOnlyManifest(t *testing.T) {
setupBox(t)
m, err := parseOpManifest([]byte(verbsOnlyManifest))
if err != nil || !m.verbsOnly() {
t.Fatalf("a verbs-only op parses: %v", err)
}
for name, bad := range map[string]string{
"interpreter none on a files op": strings.Replace(fmt.Sprintf(opTestManifest, "/srv/optest"), "interpreter: /bin/sh", "interpreter: none", 1),
"no verbs": strings.Replace(strings.Replace(verbsOnlyManifest, "privilege: root", "privilege: user", 1), "verbs:\n - {verb: unit.restart, unit: web.service}\n - {verb: logs.check, unit: web.service, must_not: \"emerg\", lines: \"200\"}\n", "", 1),
"a destination": strings.Replace(verbsOnlyManifest, "time_limit: 120\n", "time_limit: 120\ndestinations: [\"forge.example.com:443\"]\n", 1),
"a builder": strings.Replace(verbsOnlyManifest, "time_limit: 120\n", "time_limit: 120\nbuilder: true\n", 1),
"a credential no verb names": strings.Replace(verbsOnlyManifest, "time_limit: 120\n", "time_limit: 120\ncredentials: [forge-read]\n", 1),
"a read": strings.Replace(verbsOnlyManifest, "time_limit: 120\n", "time_limit: 120\nreads: [\"/srv/data/\"]\n", 1),
} {
if _, err := parseOpManifest([]byte(bad)); err == nil {
t.Errorf("%s must be refused", name)
}
}
}
func TestVerbsOnlyOpShippingRunIsRefused(t *testing.T) {
dcn, priv := opTestBox(t)
files := verbsOnlyFiles(true)
sha, _ := opDirDigest(files)
run := opTerm(opKindRun, sha, `{}`, "", 1, time.Hour, "root")
run["op"] = "restart-web"
if _, errOut, code := driveJob(t, tAnchor, mgmtJob{Op: "op_sync", Args: append(signTermsPair(t, priv, run), bundleB64(files))}, "", dcn); code != 126 || !strings.Contains(errOut, "ships no run") {
t.Fatalf("a verbs-only op that ships a program is refused: %d %q", code, errOut)
}
files = verbsOnlyFiles(false)
sha, _ = opDirDigest(files)
run["sha256"] = sha
if out, errOut, code := driveJob(t, tAnchor, mgmtJob{Op: "op_sync", Args: append(signTermsPair(t, priv, run), bundleB64(files))}, "", dcn); code != 0 || !strings.Contains(out, `"held"`) {
t.Fatalf("without it, held: %d %s %s", code, out, errOut)
}
// And a program op without its run is refused, as before.
prog := opFixture("/srv/optest", "")[:1]
psha, _ := opDirDigest(prog)
pr := opTerm(opKindRun, psha, grantParams, "", 1, time.Hour, "root")
if _, errOut, code := driveJob(t, tAnchor, mgmtJob{Op: "op_sync", Args: append(signTermsPair(t, priv, pr), bundleB64(prog))}, "", dcn); code != 126 || !strings.Contains(errOut, "needs op.yaml and run") {
t.Fatalf("a program op with no run: %d %q", code, errOut)
}
}
func noOverlay(t *testing.T) {
ps, pa := opSandboxCheck, opActionCheck
opSandboxCheck = func() (bool, string) { return false, "the kernel offers no overlay filesystem" }
opActionCheck = func() (bool, string) { return false, "the kernel offers no overlay filesystem" }
t.Cleanup(func() { opSandboxCheck, opActionCheck = ps, pa })
}
func TestProgramOpStillRefusedWithoutTheSandbox(t *testing.T) {
noOverlay(t)
dcn, priv := opTestBox(t)
files := opFixture("/srv/optest", "")
sha, _ := opDirDigest(files)
pair := signTermsPair(t, priv, opTerm(opKindRun, sha, grantParams, "", 1, time.Hour, "root"))
if _, errOut, code := driveJob(t, tAnchor, mgmtJob{Op: "op_sync", Args: append(pair, bundleB64(files))}, "", dcn); code != 0 {
t.Fatalf("held: %s", errOut)
}
if _, errOut, code := driveJob(t, tAnchor, mgmtJob{Op: "op_dry_run", Args: pair}, "", dcn); code != 126 || !strings.Contains(errOut, noSandboxHere) {
t.Fatalf("a files op with no sandbox: %d %q", code, errOut)
}
// An action op with a program and verbs: the program needs the sandbox.
man := strings.Replace(verbsOnlyManifest, "interpreter: none", "interpreter: /bin/sh", 1)
afiles := []opFile{{Path: "op.yaml", Mode: 0o644, B64: base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString([]byte(man))},
{Path: "run", Mode: 0o755, B64: base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString([]byte("#!/bin/sh\n"))}}
asha, _ := opDirDigest(afiles)
at := opTerm(opKindRun, asha, `{}`, "", 1, time.Hour, "root")
at["op"] = "restart-web"
apair := signTermsPair(t, priv, at)
if _, errOut, code := driveJob(t, tAnchor, mgmtJob{Op: "op_sync", Args: append(apair, bundleB64(afiles))}, "", dcn); code != 0 {
t.Fatalf("held: %s", errOut)
}
if _, errOut, code := driveJob(t, tAnchor, mgmtJob{Op: "op_dry_run", Args: apair}, "", dcn); code != 126 || !strings.Contains(errOut, noSandboxHere) {
t.Fatalf("an action op with a program and no sandbox: %d %q", code, errOut)
}
}